Referans
القاموس الطبي
تعريفات واضحة للمصطلحات الطبية الشائعة في أمراض الأنف والأذن والحنجرة وجراحة الغدة الدرقية وأورام الرأس والرقبة.
Rhinoplasty & Nasal Surgery
14 terimRhinoplasty
A surgical procedure that reshapes the nose to improve appearance, proportions, or breathing. Aesthetic and functional goals are often addressed together.
Devamını oku →Septorhinoplasty
A combined surgical procedure that corrects the nasal septum and reshapes the external nose in a single operation.
Devamını oku →Functional Rhinoplasty
A surgical approach focused on improving nasal airflow by correcting structural abnormalities that obstruct breathing.
Devamını oku →Revision Rhinoplasty
A secondary surgery performed to correct or improve results from a previous rhinoplasty procedure.
Devamını oku →Deviated Septum
A condition in which the cartilage and bone wall dividing the nasal cavity is displaced to one side, causing nasal obstruction.
Devamını oku →Nasal Valve
The narrowest cross-sectional area of the nasal passage; divided into internal and external valves, it determines most of nasal airflow resistance.
Devamını oku →Turbinoplasty (Turbinate Reduction)
A surgical procedure that reduces the size of enlarged nasal turbinates to improve airflow.
Devamını oku →Nasal Dorsum
The bony and cartilaginous upper surface of the nose that defines the nasal profile when viewed from the side.
Devamını oku →Nasal Tip Plasty
A rhinoplasty sub-procedure focused on altering the shape, projection or rotation of the nasal tip.
Devamını oku →Osteotomy
Controlled bone cuts in rhinoplasty to reposition the nasal bones into a new alignment.
Devamını oku →Columella
The strip of skin and cartilage separating the two nostrils and connecting the nasal tip to the upper lip.
Devamını oku →Cartilage Graft
A piece of cartilage harvested from the septum, ear or rib, used in rhinoplasty to support, shape or reinforce nasal structures.
Devamını oku →Piezo Ultrasonic Rhinoplasty
A modern rhinoplasty technique using high-frequency ultrasonic vibration to cut bone precisely without damaging surrounding soft tissue.
Devamını oku →Open vs Closed Rhinoplasty
The two fundamental rhinoplasty approaches: open technique involves an incision across the columella; closed technique keeps all incisions inside the nostrils.
Devamını oku →Thyroid & Parathyroid
12 terimThyroidectomy
Surgical removal of all (total thyroidectomy) or part (partial/lobectomy) of the thyroid gland.
Devamını oku →Thyroid Nodule
An abnormal growth of tissue within the thyroid gland, most often benign; evaluation with ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration when indicated.
Devamını oku →Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
The most common type of thyroid cancer; generally carries a good prognosis and is managed with surgery and radioactive iodine when indicated.
Devamını oku →Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
An autoimmune condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against the thyroid gland; the most common cause of hypothyroidism.
Devamını oku →Graves' Disease
An autoimmune hyperthyroidism caused by stimulating antibodies against TSH receptors; may be associated with exophthalmos.
Devamını oku →Hyperthyroidism
A condition in which the thyroid gland produces excess hormones (T3/T4), accelerating metabolism and causing various systemic symptoms.
Devamını oku →Hypothyroidism
A condition in which the thyroid gland produces insufficient hormones; presents with fatigue, weight gain and cold intolerance.
Devamını oku →Goitre
Abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland; may be diffuse or nodular and can present with difficulty swallowing or a sensation of fullness in the neck.
Devamını oku →Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN)
The critical nerve innervating the vocal cords that must be preserved during thyroid surgery; injury causes hoarseness or vocal cord paralysis.
Devamını oku →Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB)
A minimally invasive diagnostic procedure in which a fine needle removes cells from a thyroid nodule under ultrasound guidance.
Devamını oku →Radioactive Iodine (RAI) Therapy
A treatment using the I-131 isotope that selectively destroys thyroid tissue; used for hyperthyroidism or as adjuvant therapy after thyroid cancer surgery.
Devamını oku →Hypoparathyroidism
Insufficient PTH secretion from the parathyroid glands causing low blood calcium; an important complication of thyroidectomy.
Devamını oku →ENT — General
12 terimSinusitis
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses; classified as acute (under 4 weeks), subacute or chronic (over 12 weeks).
Devamını oku →Allergic Rhinitis
IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa triggered by allergen exposure; may be seasonal or perennial.
Devamını oku →Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)
Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery aimed at widening sinus ostia and removing diseased tissue to treat chronic sinusitis or nasal polyposis.
Devamını oku →Nasal Polyp
Soft, painless growths developing from the nasal or sinus mucosa that can cause nasal obstruction and loss of smell.
Devamını oku →Adenoid
A mass of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx that, when enlarged, can cause nasal obstruction, sleep apnoea and recurrent ear infections.
Devamını oku →Tonsil
Lymphoid tissue on each side of the throat; surgery may be needed in cases of recurrent tonsillitis or hypertrophy causing obstruction.
Devamını oku →Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
Bleeding from the nasal mucosa; 90% originates from the anterior area at the Kiesselbach plexus.
Devamını oku →Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)
A syndrome in which the upper airway repeatedly collapses during sleep, causing oxygen desaturation and sleep fragmentation.
Devamını oku →Snoring
Sound produced by vibration of the soft palate and throat tissues during sleep; may be a symptom of sleep apnoea.
Devamını oku →Septoplasty
A functional surgical procedure that corrects the deviated septum to improve nasal airflow without altering the external appearance of the nose.
Devamını oku →Chronic Rhinitis
Chronic inflammation or dysfunction of the nasal mucosa lasting more than 12 weeks; includes allergic and non-allergic forms.
Devamını oku →Rhinosinusitis
Simultaneous inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses; modern medicine prefers this term over "sinusitis" alone.
Devamını oku →Otology & Ear
10 terimTinnitus (Ringing in the Ears)
Perception of sound in the ear or head without an external source; may present as ringing, buzzing or hissing.
Devamını oku →Vertigo (Dizziness)
A sensation of spinning of the environment or self; most commonly caused by inner ear balance disorders.
Devamını oku →BPPV (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo)
Brief episodes of vertigo triggered by head position changes, caused by displaced otoconia crystals entering the semicircular canals.
Devamını oku →Menière's Disease
A chronic vestibular disorder characterised by endolymphatic hydrops, with episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus.
Devamını oku →Hearing Loss
Reduced ability to hear sounds; classified as conductive, sensorineural or mixed type.
Devamını oku →Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection)
Infection or effusion in the middle ear; presents in acute, recurrent or effusion (serous) forms.
Devamını oku →Otosclerosis
Conductive hearing loss caused by abnormal bone remodelling that immobilises the stapes (stirrup bone) in the middle ear.
Devamını oku →Cochlea
A spiral-shaped sensory organ in the inner ear that converts sound waves into neural signals.
Devamını oku →Tympanoplasty
Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and/or reconstruction of the middle ear ossicles.
Devamını oku →Labyrinthitis
Inflammation of the inner ear labyrinth; presents with acute-onset severe vertigo, nausea and hearing loss.
Devamını oku →Head & Neck Oncology
7 terimThyroid Cancer
Malignant cell growth in the thyroid gland; includes four main types: papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic.
Devamını oku →Laryngeal Cancer
Malignant tumour arising from the laryngeal tissue; a head and neck cancer type in which smoking and alcohol are the most important risk factors.
Devamını oku →Oral Cavity Cancer
Malignant tumour developing in the oral cavity, including the lip, tongue, floor of mouth, palate and buccal mucosa.
Devamını oku →Neck Dissection
Surgical removal of cervical lymph node groups to treat or stage lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancers.
Devamını oku →Lymph Node
Immune filter stations of the lymphatic system; cervical enlargement may indicate infection, reactive change or malignant spread.
Devamını oku →Parotid Tumour
A tumour in the parotid gland, the largest salivary gland; 80% are benign, with pleomorphic adenoma being the most common type.
Devamını oku →Hypopharyngeal Cancer
An aggressive head and neck cancer arising from the hypopharynx between the larynx and oesophagus, often diagnosed at an advanced stage.
Devamını oku →Laryngology & Voice
5 terimDysphonia (Voice Disorder)
Deviation from the normal quality, pitch or loudness of the voice; dysphonia lasting more than 2 weeks requires laryngoscopic evaluation.
Devamını oku →Dysphagia (Swallowing Difficulty)
Difficulty in passing food from the mouth to the stomach; may be oropharyngeal or oesophageal in origin.
Devamını oku →Hoarseness
A rough, husky or strained voice resulting from altered vocal cord vibration quality; a common symptom of various laryngeal pathologies.
Devamını oku →Laryngoscopy
A diagnostic procedure in which the larynx (voice box) is visualised using direct or endoscopic methods.
Devamını oku →Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR)
Chronic irritation caused by gastric acid reaching the larynx and pharynx; causes hoarseness, chronic throat clearing and a globus sensation.
Devamını oku →Durumunuzla ilgili sorunuz mu var?
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